Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) - Bermuda (2002)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) z Bermuda (2002)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008)	Bermuda (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports	-	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate	-	11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $609.5 million expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)
Capital	-	Hamilton
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline	NA km	103 km
Constitution	-	8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Currency	-	Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate	-	7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$145 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr. consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption	-	553.35 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	595 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues	NA	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups	-	black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates	-	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports	-	$51 million (2000)
Exports - commodities	-	reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners	-	EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.9% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways	-	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$719 million (2000)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners	-	EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)
Independence	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate	-	9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	3% (July 2001)
International organization participation	-	Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	20 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force	-	37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	-	clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages	-	English (official), Portuguese
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	English law
Legislative branch	-	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 77.3 years male: 75.21 years female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references	Antarctic Region	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$4,027,970 (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday	-	Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality	-	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources	fish	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate	-	2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	63,960 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	82,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	3 (1997)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate	-	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	4.5% (1993)
Waterways	-	none

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